PICKWICK PEPPERPOTS

OLDE HUMPHREY'S OBSERVATIONS

NOW DEAR READER THIS IS A TRUE STORY, AS ALL ARE, BUT I KNEW THESE TWO MEN, ONE BEING A COUSIN, BUT ENOUGH, STAY WITH ME, READ ON, FIRST WE GO TO NORTH WEST INDIA = KYBER PASS, QUETTA, FORT SANDEMAN, RAZMAK THE JOHN MASTERS EPOCH OF WAR AND POLICING THAT FRONTIER WITH AFGHANISTAN = THIS BEING THE 1920s - 30s WHERE FOR THREE GENERATIONS MILITARY OPERATIONS AGAINST THE PATHANS AND AUGWARS WERE FORMULATED, THEY RAIDING INTO INDIA, ENJOYING THIS DEADLY GAME, WHEN THE SEASON OF CAMPAIGNING WAS OVER THE MOUNTAIN MEN WOULD LINE UP OUTSIDE OUR FORT, AS THEY HAD BEFORE DEMANDING THEIR MEDAL FOR EXERCISING THE RESOLVE OF THE BRITISH ARMY = WE IN OUR TURN; HAVING THE "BANJO BOYS" AIR FORCE WHO DROPPED LEAFLETS, LETTING THE TRIBE KNOW WHEN THEY INTENDED TO BOMB THEIR FORTS OR SETTLEMENTS, SO WOMEN AND CHILDREN WERE NOT INJURED. THESE WERE THE SAME FLYERS WHO BEING VERSED IN ZIPPING ROUND THE MOUNTAINS IN AFGHANISTAN, WENT BACK HOME IN A.D. 1939 AND HENCE THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN.

ARE YOU STILL WITH ME TO A FORGOTTEN TRIUMPH = MARCH A.D. 1933, TWO WESTLAND BIPLANES LANDED AT PURNES, AN AIRFIELD IN NORTHERN INDIA ABOUT 160 MILES SOUTH OF MOUNT EVEREST, THIS BEING OUR QUEST TO FLY OVER IT!, AT THAT TIME THIS WAS NOT EASY AS IT WOULD APPEAR TODAY, FOR AIRCRAFT ENGINES HAD NOT THE POWER TO LIFT THE PILOT, OBSERVER, PHOTOGRAPHIC AND OXYGEN EQUIPMENT TO THE NECESSARY HEIGHT.

COLONEL BLACKER, ON LEAVE IN ENGLAND FROM INDIA, HEARD ABOUT THE NEW PEGASUS ENGINE - WHICH WAS LIGHT AND POWERFUL; THIS BEING THE SUMMER BEFORE A.D. 1932 LIEUTENANT COLONEL L.V.S. BLACKER TALKED EAGERLY ABOUT "CONQUERING EVEREST" TO COLLEAGUES AND WAS INFUSED - HENCE THE TWO PEGASUS ENGINED WESTLAND AIRCRAFT, EACH WITH AN OBSERVERS CABIN THAT TOUCHED DOWN AT PURNEA.

IT WAS APRIL 3rd A.D. 1933 WHEN THE WEATHER WAS CONSIDERED "ALL CLEAR" AFTER FOURTEEN MONTHS OF PLANNING THEY WERE READY TO GO, SHORTLY AFTER 8p.m. THE TWO BIPLANES TOOK OFF, CLIMBING OUT OF THE HIMALAYAN HAZE INTO CLEAR SKIES AT 19,000 FEET, COLONEL BLACKER IN THE WESTLAND PILOTED BY LORD CLYDESDALE PEERED OUT OF HIS COCKPIT HATCH OBSERVING EVEREST STRAIGHT AHEAD, WITH EARS POPPING AND THE WINDOWS ICING UP, A STRONG WIND, BLUE ICE AND SNOW INTO BELLOWS OF CLOUDS, THEIR ENGINE PURRING ALONG FLEW ON WITH THE OBSERVERS ABOARD TAKING PHOTOGRAPH AFTER PHOTOGRAPH, THEN WITHOUT WARNING, IT SEEMED AS IF THE BOTTOM DROPPED OUT OF THE SKY, CAUGHT IN A VIOLENT DOWN DRAUGHT, LORD CLYDESDALE'S WESTLAND PLUMMETED AS IF A STONE, WITH HIS HANDS AND FEET STIFF WITH COLD, THE JAGGED ROCKS FLASHING BEFORE THEM, BUT AT THE LAST MOMENT THE AIRCRAFT STRUGGLED UP AGAIN, SUDDENLY THEY WERE WAFTED UP, GAZING DOWN ON EVEREST, THE WIND HOWLING THROUGH THE STRUTS, FLINGING ICE AROUND AS IF CONFETTI, CRACKING THE COCKPIT WINDOWS, WITH SEVERE DISTRESS TO THE FABRICATIONS OF THE PLANE ITSELF, BOTH PLANES BANKED AWAY RETURNING TO PURNEA, A 3½ HOUR FLIGHT, YET AT CONCLUSION SOME OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS WERE RUINED BY THE HIMALAYAN HAZE, UNDAUNTED THEY RETURNED IN A FORTNIGHT, AND THIS TIME WERE SUCCESSFUL.

KING JOHNS LAMENT

KING JOHN WAS CERTAINLY NOT ENGLAND'S MOST POPULAR KING, HIS CRUELTY, TREACHERY, AND DECEIT MADE HIS SUBJECTS WARY OF HIM, AND HIS ENEMIES THINK TWICE ABOUT CROSSING SWORDS WITH HIM.

HE DIED ON OCTOBER 16th A.D. 1216, WHILE CAMPAIGNING AGAINST REBELLION IN EAST ANGLIA, LEGEND HAS IT THAT ONLY A WEEK BEFORE HIS DEATH HE LOST A LARGE PROPORTION OF THE ROYAL TREASURE TRAVERSING THE WASH; IN THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY THE WASH EXTENDED TO A GREATER DEGREE THAN NOW, IN FACT, BETWEEN KINGS LYNN AND WISBECH, BEING ONCE SURROUNDED BY MUD FLATS AND QUICKSAND, THIS BEING FLOODED AT HIGH TIDE, THEY COULD ONLY CROSS AT LOW TIDE.

ON OCTOBER 9th A.D. 1216 JOHN CROSSED THE WASH FROM SPALDING TO KINGS LYNN, THREE DAYS LATER HE ENDEAVOURED TO RETURN TO SPALDING, BUT ONLY AS FAR AS WISBECH, THE RISING TIDE TRAPPING THE CARTS-ITS PRECIOUS CARGO SUBMERGED INTO THE MUD; THE LOCAL PEOPLE DID WITH TENACITY, DIG, HAUL, USE CONVICT LABOUR, ALL TO NO AVAIL, NO TREASURE FOUND, SEVEN CENTURIES PASSED BEFORE TWO INDEPENDENT PROFESSORS J.HOLT (HISTORIAN) W.D. EVANS (GEOLOGIST), HAVE CALCULATED THE MOST LIKELY PLACE BETWIXT THE SAID TOWN'S, NOW OCCUPIED BY AN ORCHARD.

A DRILL WAS SET UP, THROUGH SOFT EARTH, SUBSOIL WENT THE BIT!, TEN FEET, TWENTY FEET, FORTY FEET, THE BIT HITTING A HARD SUBSTANCE, TRY AS THEY MAY NO FURTHER WOULD IT BITE, BEING WITHDRAWN IT WAS TWISTED AND BROKEN, BEING EXAMINED, NOT ONLY DID THE PROFESSORS FIND CHIPS OF IRON AND COPPER, BUT GOLD AND SILVER ALSO, INTRIGUED, DO NOT RUSH OFF ON A KLONDIKE, THE COST OF RECOVERY, WOULD FAR OUTWEIGH THE VALUE OF TREASURE, NOW WHERE'S MY SPADE AND BONESHAKER!.

NOW DEAR READER WE PRESENT A MIND PROVOKING DICTUM FORWARDED BY ONE OF OUR ESTEEMED MEMBERS, ROBERT HATHAWAY ESQ., WHO WITH THE KINDLY SANCTION OF "THE PARANORMAL MAGAZINE", ALSO ITS DILIGENT RESEARCHER HILARY PORTER WE ARE INDEBTED FOR ALLOWING US TO ENTHUSE OUR MEMBERS TO THOUGHTS OF PHENOMENA; OR AS SHAKESPEARE = EULOGISED.

"AND THEREFORE AS A STRANGER GIVE IT WELCOME
THERE ARE MORE THINGS IN HEAVEN AND EARTH,
HORATIO, THAN ARE DREAMT OF IN YOUR
PHILOSOPHY" = HAMLET - ACT 1 - SEAN 5.

OR IF WE GO TO ANCIENT GREECE
ANAXAGORAS = PHILOSOPHER circa 500BC - 428BC

HE INTRODUCED THE CONCEPT OF THE INFINITELY DIVISIBLE, HE CLAIMED THAT SUBSTANCES ARE ALL MADE UP OF THE SAME ELEMENTS, THUS IN EACH CASE CERTAIN ELEMENTS PREDOMINATE = FOR EXAMPLE HE REGARDED EVERY SUBSTANCE AS CONTAINING THE ELEMENT OF FIRE, BUT WE ONLY CALL IT FIRE IF THAT PREDOMINATES.

THIS MAY ALLUDE TO AN ATOMIC THEORY, OR AN ATTEMPT TO EXPLAIN CHANGES IN SUBSTANCES, HE SUPPOSED THESE INFINITESIMAL PARTICLES TO HAVE BEEN ORIGINALLY ALL IN A STATE OF CONFUSION, BUT TO HAVE BEEN REGULATED BY A 'MIND' OR 'REASON' WHICH WAS THE SOURCE OF ALL MOTION AND WHICH DETERMINED CREATION, DESTRUCTION, AND CHANGE FOR EVERY PHENOMENON IN THE WORLD.

ANAXAGORAS IS IMPORTANT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PARANORMAL AND FOR THE GREEK PHILOSOPHY FOR HIS IDEA OF REASON, WHICH WAS TO BE GREATLY DEVELOPED BY SOCRATES IN THE NEXT GENERATION. ANAXAGORAS WAS THE FIRST PERSON AS KNOWN TO HISTORY THAT THE MOON SHINES BY REFLECTION.

IF YOU SOLVE CROSSWORD PUZZLES - READ ON.
ACROPOLIS IS THE GREEK WORD FOR - TOP MOST CITY
ATHENA BEING REVERED HAS DELIVERED OF AN IMMORTAL BIRTH.
PARTHENOS IS THE GREEK WORD FOR - VIRGIN
THUS THE TEMPLE ERECTED ON THE ACROPOLIS BECAME KNOWN AS THE 'PARPHENON'

I QUIT MY SCRIBBLE AND TO HILARY'S SPLENDID EPIGRAM.

FOR THOSE WHO WISH TO ENQUIRE, I ENCLOSE THE 21st CENTURY ARROW MESSAGE OF ROBIN HOOD. - wwwparanormalmagazine.co.uk.

PARANORMAL RESEARCHER - HILARY PORTER.

IN MY EXPERIENCE AS A RESEARCHER I HAVE COME TO REALISE THAT THERE IS A LOT MORE TO CASES OF POLTERGEIST AND GHOSTLY PHENOMENA THAN WE GET TO EAR ABOUT, THROUGH THE USUAL MAINSTREAM MEDIA SOURCES. AND AS ODD AS THIS MAY COME ACROSS TO THE UNINITIATED, I AM OF THE FIRM CONVICTION THAT THE VERY GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF CERTAIN HAUNTED BUILDINGS CAN OFTEN PROVIDE A MAJOR CLUE TO PARANORMAL ASSOCIATED DISTURBANCES.

IT IS A LITTLE KNOWN FACT THAT IF BUILT OVER, A SPECIFIC TYPE OF GEO-MAGNETIC OR EARTH FORCE, (ALSO COMMONLY KNOWN AS LEY LINE ENERGY), CAN PRODUCE UNCANNY AND UNPLEASANT SIDE-EFFECTS TO PROPERTIES AND THEIR INHABITANTS WHERE THESE EXIST.

SUCH ENERGIES MAY WELL-UP INTO HOMES FROM WITHIN DEEP SUBTERRANEAN REGIONS, OR OVER LIGHT ACROSS LAND, BUT WHICHEVER ONE YOU CHOOSE, THEIR SIDE-EFFECTS CAN INCLUDE LIGHTS, NOISES, MOVEMENT OF OBJECTS, HEAVY PRESENCES, SICKNESS AND BAD ATMOSPHERES.

FEW UNDERSTAND IT ALL FULLY, BUT FROM WHAT I HAVE COME TO UNDERSTAND, THERE ARE TWO FORMS OF THIS TYPE OF ENERGY: POSITIVE AND 'BLACK' OR NEGATIVE. NEITHER TYPE CAN NORMALLY BE SEEN, TASTED OR SMELT AND CAN BE DETECTED ONLY TROUGH THE USE OF VERY SOPHISTICATED EQUIPMENT OR CERTAIN DOWSING TECHNIQUES.

BUT BY FAR THE MOST DANGEROUS OF THE TWO IS THE 'DARK' LEY ENERGY. FROM SEMI-DETACHED TO MANSION, DWELLINGS SUBJECTED TO YEARS OF THIS PARTICULAR TYPE OF NASTY USUALLY BECOME DAMP, DEPRESSING, UNLUCKY OLD PLACES, WHICH ARE DESTINED TO OFTEN CHANGE OWNERSHIP DUE TO UNEASE, UNHAPPINESS OR WORSE.

THE ANNALS OF LEY LINE RESEARCH ARE REPLETE WITH STORES ABOUT PROPERTIES BECOMING 'JINXED' OR 'CURSED' AFTER BEING BUILD DIRECTLY ON THIS TYPE OF MAGNETIC HOT SPOT.

LOOKING BACK OVER THEIR CHEQUERED HISTORIES, THE OFFENDING BUILDINGS EVENTUALLY BECOME ABANDONED, DEMOLISHED OR HAVE MYSTERIOUSLY BURNED TO THE GROUND, ALMOST AS IF THEY WERE NEVER MEANT TO AVE EXISTED!

THOSE WHO AVE LIVED IN SUCH PLACES HAVE NOT FARED MUCH BETTER, SUFFERING FROM UNCHARACTERISTIC HEALTH PROBLEMS, MARRIAGE BREAKDOWNS AND EVEN, IN SOME CASES, PREMATURE DEATH.

I AM OF THE OPINION THAT ONE SUCH EXAMPLE WAS THE PARANORMAL PHENOMENA EXPERIENCED IN AND AROUND A BUILDING WHICH ONCE LAY HIDDEN AWAY ON THE ESSEX/SUFFOLK BORDER, SOME 60 MILES FROM LONDON, IN A SLEEPY, MIDDLE-OF-NOWHERE PLACE CALLED BORLEY THE INFAMOUS BORLEY RECTORY, WHICH WAS PLAGUED BY WEIRD HAPPENINGS BETWEEN ITS BUILDING IN 1862, UNTIL ITS DESTRUCTION IN 1943. NOW MATTER WHAT THE SCEPTICS SAY, TO MY MIND, BORLEY RECTORY REMAINS THE BEST DOCUMENTED AND AUTHENTICATED CASE IN THE ANNALS OF PSYCHICAL RESEARCH.

THE PHENOMENA THAT WAS ALLEGED TO HAVE HAPPENED THERE IS STILL TALKED AND WRITTEN ABOUT TO THIS VERY DAY. AND I AM NOT ALONE WITH THIS LEY LINE HYPOTHESIS CONCERNING BORLEY RECTORY AND ITS ENVIRONS EITHER; I NOTICED THAT THE WRITER OF ISSUE THREE OF THE 1993 MARSHALL CAVENDISH PUBLICATIONS, MYSTERIOUS WORLDS, CAME TO A SIMILAR CONCLUSION AS MY OWN - THAT FROM TIME TO TIME THE HAMLET OF BORLEY IS INFLUENCED BY THE POWER OF LEY LINES.

HE WROTE, 'THERE IS AN INTERESTING GEOGRAPHICAL REASON WHY BORLEY MAY HAVE HAD MORE THAN ITS SHARE OF GHOSTS. BORLEY CHURCH STANDS AT A NODE WHERE FOUR LEY LINES CROSS. IT COULD BE THAT THIS CONCENTRATION OF 'EARTH POWER' HAS SOMEHOW CAPTURED BORLEY'S GHOSTS IN ITS MAGNETIC FIELD. ANOTHER FACT, WHICH CAME TO LIGHT AS A RESULT OF MY EXTENSIVE ENQUIRIES, IS THAT SEVERAL STANDING STONE HOLES HAVE BEEN UNCOVERED IN THIS REMOTE PART OF ENGLAND. THIS MAKES IT HIGHLY PROBABLE THAT BORLEY WAS ONCE A PAGAN SITE OF WORSHIP WHICH COULD ADD TO ITS SPIRITUALITY'.

AND AS SOME READERS MIGHT ALREADY BE AWARE, OUR PAGAN ANCESTORS SEEMED TO INTUITIVELY BUILD THEIR SITES OF WORSHIP OVER THESE POWER LINES, (POSSIBLY FOR RITUALISTIC CEREMONIAL PURPOSES) BUT CAREFULLY FOUNDED THEIR HABITATIONS SOME WAY FROM THE ACTUAL HOT SPOTS.

ENTER THE DRAGON

ANOTHER IMPORTANT CLUE WHICH I HAVE ROOTED OUT, CONCERNING LEY LINES AND BORLEY INVOLVES THE NEARBY VILLAGE OF BURES. NOW, I KNOW FOR A FACT BY STUDYING VERY OLD TEXTS THAT THESE LINES OF FORCE WERE ONCE REFERRED TO AS EARTH DRAGONS'.

SO, WHEN I READ THIS SECTION FROM A 15th CENTURY CHRONICLE WRITTEN IN LATIN BY A MONK NAMED JOHN de HOKELOWE, MY ATTENTION WAS IMMEDIATELY ALERTED.

A LITERAL TRANSLATION RECORDS HOW, IN 1405, RICHARD WALDEGRAVE ONCE FOUGHT A DRAGON THAT WAS SEEN LURKING CLOSE TO THE TOWN OF BURES, SUFFOLK.

'THERE CAME FORTH IN ORDER TO SHOOT AT HIM WITH ARROWS, THE WORKMAN OF THE LORD ON WHOSE DOMAIN THE DRAGON HE HAD CONCEALED HIMSELF, BEING SIR RICHARD de WALDEGRAVE, KNIGHT. THE DRAGON'S BODY, ALTHOUGH STRUCK BY THE ARCHERS, REMAINED UNHURT FOR THE ARROWS BOUNCED OFF HIS BACK AS IF IT WERE IRON OR ROCK. THOSE ARROWS THAT FELL UPON THE SPINE OF HIS BACK GAVE OUT, AS THEY STRUCK, A RINGING OR TINKLING SOUND JUST AS IF THEY HAD HIT A BRAZEN PLATE AND THEN FLEW AWAY, BY REASON OF THE HIDE OF THIS GREAT BEAST BEING IMPENETRABLE. THEREUPON, IN ORDER TO DESTROY HIM, ALL THE COUNTRY PEOPLE AROUND WERE SUMMONED, BUT WHEN THE DRAGON SAW THAT HE WAS AGAIN ABOUT TO BE ASSAULTED BY ARROWS, HE FLED INTO A MARSH AND THERE HID HIMSELF AMONGST THE LONG REEDS, NOT WAS HE SEEN ANY MORE'.

THE SEARCH FOR THE
FINSBURY ARCHER'S TICKET

FIGURE.1. IS A COPY OF A TRACING OF THE ORIGINAL FINSBURY ARCHER'S TICKET OF 1676, IN THE GUILDHALL LIBRARY, LONDON.
UNTIL NOW, THE REPRESENTATION OF A SINGLE ARCHER OF THE CHARLES II PERIOD IN A STYLISED LANDSCAPE HAS BEEN REPRODUCED (FIG.2) GIVING THE IMPRESSION THAT THIS REPRESENTATION WAS OF THE ORIGINAL WHOLE TICKET.
VARIOUS AUTHORS, UNTIL AS LATE AS 1971 HAVE USED THIS FRAGMENT WITH THE WRONG CAPTION; SAD EXAMPLES OF THE PERPETUATION OF AN ERROR, A WRITER COPYING ANOTHER'S WORK - INCLUDING THE MISTAKE(S), FAILING TO VERIFY THE FACTS.
THE CORRESPONDENT E.J. K[EMPE] TO THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE, OF JAN - JUNE 1832, p.113, STATES: "IT IS CONSIDERED SUFFICIENT HERE TO REPRESENT ONLY ONE HALF THE IMPRESSION OF THE ORIGINAL WOOD BLOCK..."
AS WILL BE SEEN, BY COMPARISON OF THE TWO ILLUSTRATIONS, RATHER LESS THAN HALF IS REPRESENTED.
EFFORTS TO TRACE THE ORIGINAL HAVE PROVED UNREWARDING, E.J. KEMPE STATES THAT IS PORTION WAS "REPRODUCED BY PERMISSION OF A DISTINGUISHED MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES" THIS SOCIETY HAS NO KNOWLEDGE OF THE ORIGINAL.
J.E. OXLEY, MA, Ph.D., AUTHOR OF "THE FLETCHERS AND STRINGMAKERS OF LONDON" 1968, ACKNOWLEDGES THE PERMISSION OF THE HONOURABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY TO REPRODUCE THE "TICKET", "TAKEN FROM THE ORIGINAL IN THEIR POSSESSION". THE ILLUSTRATION, pl.4. BETWEEN ppS. 58-59, ALTHOUGH CAPTIONED "FINSBURY ARCHER'S TICKET", FOR THE SHOOTING OF 1676" IS OF THE SAME SINGLE ARCHER.

CORRESPONDENCE AT INTERVALS, DURING THE PAST TWO YEARS WITH THE NEW HON. ARCHIVIST, MRS. J. TOUSHIMA, OF THE HAC, HAS, AS LATE AS APRIL 1985, BEEN EQUALLY UNFRUITFUL: "THERE IS STILL NO SIGN OF THE FINSBURY TICKET, NEITHER ½ A TICKET NOR A WHOLE".

COMPARISON OF THE PORTION (POPULARLY REPRODUCED AS THE "TICKET") WITH THE TRACING OF THE WHOLE, REVEALS THE OMISSION OF FOLIAGE, A SHRUB AND THE ENDS OF A BOW AND ARROW. THIS INDICATES THAT E.J KEMPE'S PRINT ILLUSTRATING HIS "HALF" - TICKET HAS BEEN RE-TOUCHED PRIOR TO PRINTING.

THE TRACING REPRODUCED ABOVE WAS OBTAINED BY THE GUILDHALL LIBRARY AT A SALE OF THE GARDNER COLLECTION OF LONDON TOPOGRAPHY, SOLD AT SOTHEBY'S DURING FEB - MARCH 1923. LOT No. 467 CONSISTED OF 24 PRINTS AND DRAWINGS RELATIVE TO FINSBURY, INCLUDING FINSBURY ARCHERS. IT APPEARS THAT THIS TRACING OF THE ORIGINAL TICKET WAS AMONGST THEM.
THANKS TO THE KEEPER OF PRINTS, GUILDHALL LIBRARY, CITY OF LONDON, BY WHOSE PERMISSION THIS TRACING IS HERE REPRODUCED, READERS CAN SEE A COPY OF THE FINSBURY ARCHER'S TICKET IN ITS ENTIRETY. THE SIZE OF THE TRACING IS 141 X 84 mm.
THE SEARCH FOR THE ORIGINAL TICKET AND THE WOOD BLOCK(S) CONTINUES. THE TEXT ACCOMPANYING THE ILLUSTRATION OF THE TICKET IS AS FOLLOWS:
ALL GENTLEMEN, LOVERS OF THE NOBLE SOCIETY OF ARCHERY ARE DESIRED TO MEET AT DRAPERS HALL IN THROGMORTON STREET ON MONDAY THE 24th JULY 1676; BY TWELVE OF THE CLOCK PRECISELY: AND ACCORDING TO ANCIENT CUSTOM OF FINSBURY ARCHERS, TO DELIVER TO THE BEARER HERE OF MR. WILLIAM WOOD UPON RECEIPT OF THIS TICKET, TWO SHILLINGS AND SIX PENCE, THAT PRO-/VISION MAY BE MADE ACCORDINGLY. THIS SERVES ALSO TO GIVE NOTICE. THAT THE ELEVEN SCORE TARGET / SHALL BE SET UP BY US IN THE NEW ARTILLERY GROUND, UPON WEDNESDAY THE 25th DAY OF JULY FOL-/LOWING; AND THAT DAY BEGIN TO SHOOT AT THE SAME, BY NINE OF THE CLOCK (AS IT WAS BEGUN / AND SHOT AT THE LAST YEAR.) ALL ARCHERS INTENDING TO SHOOT AT THE SAME ARE TO PAY DOWN THEIR / TWENTY SHILLINGS UPON THE 14th DAY OF JULY UNTO US, OR EITHER OF US, OR TO MR. WILLIAM WOOD, / THAT PLATE MAY BE PROVIDED, AND FURTHER TROUBLE PREVENTED OF SENDING TO ARCHERS FOR THE SAME; / THE PLACE AND TIME OF MEETING THEM BEING UNCERTAIN. GIVEN UNDER OUR HANDS, JULY 13, 1676. /
EDWARD HUNGERFORD, )
EDMUND ASHFIELD, ) STEWARDS

OF RALEIGH AND VIRGINIA

PRINCES OF AMERICA: A MOST INTRIGUING NAME FOR A MARK. THIS MARK APPEARS IN THE MANUSCRIPT LIST OF MARKS, OF 1601 IN THE POSSESSION OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES, LONDON. A NOTE STATES THAT THIS LIST WAS COMPILED BY THREE SEPARATE INDIVIDUALS, AS THEY REMEMBERED THEM. THE ABOVE MARK APPEARS SOLELY IN THIS LIST (FIVE ITEMS CONSTITUTE THE SOURCES, CONSULTED FOR THE MAIN WORK, COVERING THIS PERIOD) BUT ORIGINATED MUCH EARLIER.
IN 1584 SIR. WALTER RALEIGH, BY LETTERS PATENT ENTITLING HIM TO SEARCH FOR ANY TERRITORIES NOT OCCUPIED BY A "CHRISTIAN PRINCE" DISPATCHED TWO BARKS, CAPTAINED BY PHILIP ARNADOS AND ARTHUR BARLOW ON A RECONNAISSANCE EXPEDITION. THEY MADE A LANDFALL ON WAKOKAN ISLAND. THEY RETURNED TO ENGLAND IN 1585 BRINGING WITH THEM TWO INDIANS, MANTEO AND WANCHESE. THE TWO PRINCES, SONS OF CHIEFS, WERE PRESENTED TO THE QUEEN.
WILL SHAKESPEARE WOULD HAVE HEARD THE NEWS OF THE PRINCES' ARRIVAL IN THIS COUNTRY, AT STRATFORD. THE MARK "PRINCES OF AMERICA" MUST HAVE BEEN SET UP IN COMMEMORATION OF THIS EVENT, DURING THE PERIOD 1585 - 1601.
FIVE MORE INDIANS INCLUDING ONE FEMALE WERE BROUGHT TO LONDON IN 1605 AND PLACED ON SHOW. WILL SHAKESPEARE WHO HAD, BY THIS DATE BEEN ESTABLISHED IN LONDON SOME DOZEN OR SO YEARS, COULD HAVE SEEN THIS GROUP, AND, LIVING IN BISHOPSGATE ADJACENT TO THE FIELDS WOULD HAVE BEEN FAMILIAR WITH THIS MARK. EVERYTHING WAS 'GRIST TO HIS MILL'.
SCENE. LONDON. THE PALACE YARD. NOISE AND TUMULT WITHIN. ENTER PORTER AND HIS MAN.
MAN. WHAT WOULD YOU HAVE ME DO? PORT. WHAT SHOULD YOU DO, BUT KNOCK 'EM DOWN BY THE DOZENS.
IS THIS MOOREFIELD'S TO MUSTER IN? OR HAVE WE SOME STRANGE INDIAN WITH A GREAT BOW COME TO COURT, THAT WOMEN SO BESIEGE US? BLESS ME, WHAT A FRY OF FORNICATION IS AT THE DOOR! KING HEN.VIII.V.3.
NEWFOUNDLAND: MARK IN ST. GEORGE'S FIELDS, SOUTHWARK.
THE AVAILABLE SOURCES OF INFORMATION REGARDING THE MARKS IN THESE FIELDS ARE CONFIRMED TO TWO ITEMS:- 1. A SURVEY OF BRIDGE HOUSE PROPERTIES, WHICH MENTIONS SEVEN STAKES USED AS BOUNDARY MARKERS. 2. PRINTED BOOKLET "AIME FOR THE ARCHERS OF ST. GEORGES FIELDS" 1664.
THIS LISTS 121 MARKS. (EARLIER LISTS WERE NO DOUBT ISSUED, BUT NONE ARE KNOWN TO BE EXTANT.)

IN 1585 SIR WALTER RALEIGH SENT ANOTHER EXPEDITION TO THE FUTURE LAND OF VIRGINIA, UNDER THE COMMAND OF HIS HALF-BROTHER SIR RICHARD GRENVELLE. IT INCLUDED SEVEN SHIPS AND SIX HUNDRED FUTURE COLONISTS. THEY MADE A SETTLEMENT, FORTIFYING ROANOKE ISLAND. THE INDIAN, MANTEO WHO HAD BEEN BROUGHT TO ENGLAND ON THE PREVIOUS VOYAGE, WAS INSTALLED AS LORD OF ROANOKE.
ACCOMPANYING THE EXPEDITION WERE THOMAS CAVENDISH, WHO WAS LATER TO CIRCUMNAVIGATE THE WORLD, JOHN WHITE, ARTIST AND TOPOGRAPHER, THOMAS HARIOT, MATHEMATICIAN AND SURVEYOR.

THE PROVINCE OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOW PART OF CANADA, HAD BEEN ANNEXED BY ENGLAND IN 1583.
THOMAS HARIOT, UPON HIS RETURN TO ENGLAND WROTE BRIEF AND TRUE REPORT OF THE NEW FOUND LAND OF VIRGINIA, 1588; PUBLISHED BY THEO. DUBRY. 1590.
HARIOT'S PORTRAIT, PREFACING HIS "BRIEF AND TRUE REPORT", WAS ENGRAVED BY WILLIAM HOLE, WHO ALSO ENGRAVED THE 1604 PLAN OF FINSBURY FIELDS.
SCENE, MILAN, OUTSIDE THE DUKE'S PALACE, ENTER JULIA AND SILVIA,
SIL. THERE, HOLD! I WILL NOT LOOK UPON YOUR MASTER'S LINES:
I KNOW THEY ARE STUFF'D WITH PROTESTATIONS AND FULL OF NEW-FOUND OATHS, WHICH HE WILL BREAK AS EASILY AS I DO TEAR THIS PAPER. TWO GENTLEMEN OF VERONA.IV.4.
"NEW-FOUND OATHS" MAY ALLUDE TO THE PROMISES MADE IN PROPAGANDA TO ENCOURAGE EMIGRATION TO THE NEW COLONY OF VIRGINIA WHICH SUFFERED DISASTER, ENDING IN THE ABANDONMENT OF THE SETTLEMENT, AND COMPLETE DISAPPEARANCE OF ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTEEN MEN AND WOMEN WHO WERE LANDED THERE IN 1587.

THE MARK "NEWFOUNDLAND" MAY RELATE EITHER TO THE PROVINCE OF THAT NAME OR THIS "NEW FOUND LAND" OF VIRGINIA; IN EITHER CASE THE MARK CERTAINLY ORIGINATED IN THE 1580's DURHAM BOY. MEL HEWS.
BOTH THESE MARKS APPEAR IN THE EARLY LISTS OF MARKS IN FINSBURY FIELDS.
THE SEE OF DURHAM HAD A MANSION FOR THE USE OF THE BISHOP OF DURHAM IN LONDON. QUEEN ELIZABETH PERSUADED HIM TO LET PART OF THE PREMISES TO RALEIGH. HERE HE GATHERED AROUND HIM VARIOUS PERSONS INTERESTED IN NAVIGATION, THE FOREMOST BEING THOMAS HARIOT, SCIENTIST AND MATHEMATICIAN. OTHERS INCLUDED HENRY PERCY, EARL OF NORTHUMBERLAND, ROBERT HEWS AND WILLIAM CAVENDISH. THEY WERE KNOWN AS THE DURHAM HOUSE SET.
HARIOT ACCOMPANIED THE SECOND EXPEDITION TO VIRGINIA IN 1585, AND WROTE HIS "BRIEF AND TRUE REPORT" IN 1588. ROBERT HEWS ACCOMPANIED CAVENDISH ON HIS VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD.
THE MARK "MEL HEWS" MAY BE THAT OF A RELATIVE OF ROBERT HEWS, AND MAY ALSO BE AN ALTERNATIVE FOR "DURHAM BOY" WHICH MARK FIRST APPEARS ON THE 1594 PLAN. "MEL HEWS" APPEARS SOLELY IN THE 1601 LIST WHICH WAS COMPILED BY THREE SEPARATE INDIVIDUALS, AS THEY REMEMBERED THEM.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
HALLIDAY, F.E., LIFE OF SHAKESPEARE, 1961
LAKE. F. "NEW LIGHT ON THE HAC, AND ARCHERY IN SOUTHWARK", JOURNAL OF THE SOC. OF A-A VOL 10, 1976
LAUGHTON.J.K. ED "DEFEAT OF THE SPANISH ARMADA" NAVY RECORDS SOC. 1985.
WOOD. SIR WILLIAM. BOWMANS'S GLORY, 1682: REPRINT 1969
LACEY. R. SIR WALTER RALEIGH, 1973

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